This paper studies the degree of educational poverty in OECD countries on the basis of last edition (2015) of OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). The definition of ‘poor in education’, in terms of PISA data, refers to the students below the baseline level of proficiency that is required to participate fully in society. We adopt both one-dimensional and multidimensional approach to measure poverty in education. The educational poverty is analysed by the poverty metrics developed by Foster, Greer and Thorbecke and those proposed by Alkire and Foster. The main results of our analysis provide a detailed picture of the degree of poverty relative to student learning in OECD countries, and they can be considered an analytical tool to improve the quality of educational systems.